2006-ÜDS Sonbahar
24. As he grew older,
----.
A) he grew less active and less dogmatic
B) he’ll start to interfere less with the affairs of the
company
C) he’s not grown any wiser
D) he now seems determined to assert his authority
E) the more he plays the role of the big businessman
25. Although Russia’s
space technology is simpler than that of NASA in the US, ----.
A) the Shuttle is grounded for repairs
B) it stil manages to work reliably
C) subsequent flights ran smoothly
D) more than one flight had ended in disaster
E) another one has flown more than 100 missions
26. ---- as long as
the economy was good and the US remained strong abroad.
A) The American people seem to have ignored Clinton’s
weaknesses in character during his presidency
B) Clinton became the second president in American history
to be impeached
C) Clinton made history by becoming the first US president
to testify in front of a grand jury
D) In the second year of his presidency, Clinton faced persistent
troubles on the domestic front
E) Clinton’s overall popularity among Americans remained
high
27. ---- that the
Celts once dominated the breadth of Europe from the Black Sea to the Atlantic.
A) They will consult little known historians
B) Some archaeological clues had been discovered
C) The whole question may have sparked an academic debate
D) Most of us are unaware of the fact
E) Most historians will have denied
28. ---- since the
break-up of the Soviet Union.
A) Millions of Ukrainians have gone abroad in search of a
living
B) Ukrainian migrants often took on menial jobs
C) Many Ukrainian women had been tempted overseas by
promises of glamorous careers
D) There were Ukrainian immigrants in Western Europe working
on farms
E) From time to time Ukraine felt threatened
politically
29. ---- where you
can read a book or meet with friends.
A) Security at the new art museum is provided by young
artists
B) In Paris’ new contemporary art space, the Palais de
Tokyo, there is a salon
C) The new contemporary museum is being built for the French
collector François Pinault
D) None of the French contemporary artists enjoys
international prominence
E) France never paid much attention to its own contemporary artists, beginning with the
19th- century impressionists
30. The UN insists
----.
A) even though China’s economic growth must have had a
perverse effect on democratization
B) because China had underinvested in crucial social
services, especially education and public health C) that China is under an
unconditional obligation to prohibit torture and ill-treatment
D) as Korea’s political system is more likely to experience
decay than democracy
E) since civil wars have devastated African economies,
leaving millions dead and millions more displaced
31. The European
Central Bank can’t raise rates ----.
A) just as they would have benefited Europe’s largest
economies
B) because the Eurozone’s two largest economies, France and
Germany, need lower interest rates to spur growth
C) since the European countries were particularly scared of
an approaching crash
D) while, in Spain, interest rates on mortgages were almost
zero
E) so long as real estate in Ireland and Spain had been
overvalued by 15 and 13 per cent respectively
32. ----, Afghanistan
is still a country on edge.
A) As the UN Security Council passed two resolutions in 1999
and 2000, demanding the Taliban cease their support for terrorism
B) Unless President Hamid Karzai had an army of 20,000
C) Since 50 per cent of voters braved threats of insurgent
attacks to vote in the September parliamentary elections
D) Ever since the Taliban seized control of Kabul in
September 1996
E) Four years after the US and its allies ousted the Taliban
from power
33. ----, he was well-read
in both Latin and Greek, and excelled in
swimming and boxing.
A) When Lord Byron entered Cambridge at the age of 17
B) However eager Lord Byron may have been to fight for the
oppressed
C) Since Lord Byron had left England in 1816, never to
return
D) Because, to his contemporaries, Lord Byron seemed more a
colourful and scandalous personality than he was a poet
E) As Lord Byron was a fiery rebel, an idealist and a
conventional aristocrat
34. The aid package
offered by the G8 may be wasted ----.
A) so the G8 summit in 2005 promised 100 per cent debt
relief to an initial group of 14 countries
B) if the rich world’s governments made expansive promises
about fostering development in Africa C) although it had not brought about a
significant transfer of resources
D) unless there are improvements in the management of public
spending in sub-Saharan Africa
E) but most aid is now conditional on good governance and
structural reform in sub- Saharan Africa
35. Market research
worldwide shows that football has attracted millions in some countries ----.
A) that there is also a desire for football in China and
Japan
B) where until a few years ago people were not interested in
it
C) which football is starting to compete with baseball in
the USA
D) who will be able to enjoy a fascinating battle in Europe
for the Champions’ League
E) unless football enters people’s homes through different
media, but above all through television
1.A 2.B 3.E
4.D 5.A 6.B
7.C 8.B 9.E
10.A 11.D 12.B
1.A 2.B 3.E
4.C 5.E 6.A
7.D 8.C 9.B
10.A 11.D 12.C
24. Although the pace
of progress in Latin America and the Caribbean over the past two decades has
been impressive, ----.
A) there remain tremendous development needs in the region,
resulting from poverty and inequality B) the EU works with Latin American and
Caribbean nations to advance these goals
C) since 2000, the European Investment Bank has financed
€1.3 billion in projects in the region
D) Europe and Latin America share historic and cultural ties
stretching back over 500 years
E) the European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office has
funded disaster relief operations in the region
25. Once rarely found
in newsrooms, ----.
A) each radio and television station and daily newspaper
will have subscribed to one or more wire services
B) the news editor will also assign headline sizes to be
written on the various stories as they are edited throughout the night
C) a very small newspaper or radio station may have a
reporting staff consisting of one or two persons D) the reporter’s task could
have been to present information, not to pass judgement on it
E) women now comprise about half of the news- editorial
staffs of America’s daily newspapers
26. As most of the
archaeological and paleontological records consist of bones, ----.
A) people often think of the human skeleton as a symbol of
death
B) skeletal remains form the basis for most of what we know
about human ancestors and our evolution
C) the pace of skeletal weakening has accelerated over the
past few millenia
D) it is undoubtedly true that bone resists decomposition
better than flesh
E) the bones of modern humans are, on average, more slender
than those of our ancestors
27. While some of the
tapestries at the exhibition are representations of local life, ----.
A) they were created by individuals without any formal art
training
B) few observers appreciated the colour or the creativity of
the abstract designs
C) others depict fruit, flowers, trees and the like
D) one wonders whether they have taken up to 18 months to
complete
E) the exhibition itself will continue until the end of the
year
28. ---- if it is
faced with American-inspired international sanctions.
A) Iran has threatened to disrupt oil supplies
B) Tehran would probably have found considerable foreign
support
C) Iran’s use of the “oil weapon” in the past had serious
economic consequences around the globe
D) The Iranians have developed a petro-euro system for oil
trading
E) The likelihood of Tehran taking action to undermine the US
economy has grown stronger
29. Though there has
been significant improvement in the growth of Africa’s gross domestic product
in recent years, ----.
A) inflation eased to single digits, from 10.6% to 8.4%, in
the previous year
B) macroeconomic conditions in the region continued to
improve in 2006
C) the report suggests concrete approaches for
employment-based poverty reduction programmes
D) poverty remains higher there than in other developing
regions
E) West Africa has the lowest unemployment rate of all
30. ----, the actual
pace of change in these countries has been disappointingly slow.
A) Since most of the sub-Saharan African countries have good
governance
B) Even though many sub-Saharan African governments say they
support structural reforms
C) Unless firmer action is taken against corruption in
sub-Saharan Africa
D) In order to improve the management of public spending in
sub-Saharan African countries
E) In spite of the IMF’s demand that countries at a similar
stage of development should receive equal treatment
31. France’s biggest
problem is mass unemployment, ----.
A) since students are protesting against a new, more
flexible job contract
B) if employers transform permanent jobs into less secure
ones
C) which had been outside the control of the government for
at least two decades
D) as long as the government continues to support the
heavily-protected high-level workers
E) which has continued for more than two decades
32. In Britain last
year, there were about 5.5 million residents born outside the country, ----.
A) whatever one means by Britishness, citizenship and
integration
B) since the government denies migrants free English lessons
C) of whom only about 60 per cent were citizens
D) although many migrants work in situations that only
require their native language
E) while British customs and institutions help people to
integrate
33. Classical musical
literacy in much of Europe today is in decline ----.
A) because its theory remains far behind the realities of
contemporary music practice
B) whether the musical world has changed
C) even though new technology has also affected the music
itself
D) when hundreds of thousands of musicians form amateur
symphony orchestras and chamber music groups
E) though many countries were giving considerable
encouragement to young conductors and composers
34. The public may be
interested in whom ministers have lunch with, ----
A) regardless of the fact that civil servants are always at
the heart of public decision-making.
B) even though the contribution of civil servants to
policy-making was decreasing in recent years.
C) and what are the benefits of greater openness for a
democratic political system?
D) but is it in the public interest for the day-to-day
activities of ministers to be fully disclosed?
E) even if most senior civil servants get paid more than
academics.
35. It is generally
felt that members of the white working class in Britain express racist
sentiments ----.
A) or there may be disagreements and tensions between
different groups of people
B) since they are the people most directly affected by Asian
immigration
C) if the class hierarchy is internalized by each member of
society
D) unless they want to be respected on their own terms
E) whether or not they have control over their own
lives
1.B 2.E 3.D
4.B 5.C 6.B
7.D 8.E 9.A
10.C 11.D 12.C
2008-ÜDS Sonbahar
24. ----, but he had
a reputation for blurring the line between fact and fiction.
A) In the early twentieth century, some Americans were still
hunting whales much as they had in Herman Melville’s day
B) For “Moby-Dick”, Herman Melville drew on scientific,
historical, and journalistic accounts of whales C) Once a whale washed ashore,
it was bound to end up as someone’s property
D) Whales entered early American law through the question of
who owned them when
E) There is no shortage of whaling histories for a Melville
aficionado to turn to
25. Whenever attitude
researchers ask participants questions, ----.
A) researchers would have probably needed to demonstrate
that the scientific benefits of the research outweighed the possible ethical
costs
B) this is especially so when a person’s attitude runs
counter to a prevailing norm
C) researchers have devised several techniques to overcome
such problems
D) the techniques often raised questions about research
ethics, especially if participants did not know their attitudes were being
measured
E) there is the possibility that participants will be
reluctant to reveal their true feelings
26. Thanks to the
popularity of nature documentaries on TV, ----.
A) many observers have noted high biological productivity
around seamounts and islands
B) biologists know much less about the migration of marine
species
C) the healthy populations of pelagic fish are in a
worldwide decline because of over-harvesting
D) there has been an increase of environmental awareness
among people from all walks of life
E) in Africa every year, hundreds of thousands of
wildebeests and zebras leave their traditional habitats to avoid the dry
season
27. ----, whose drums
marked the hours of the emperor’s day.
A) Most Chinese emperors in the past led a prosperous life
B) In Beijing, during imperial times, no structure was
permitted to be taller than the Drum Tower
C) The female members of the imperial family in China were
not allowed to take an interest in the affairs of the State
D) Of the numerous gardens within the Forbidden City, the
Imperial Garden is the most accessible
E) The Forbidden City in modern Beijing has been extensively
renovated and, thus, made more attractive for visitors
28. If teamwork were
taught along with reading, writing and mathematics, ----.
A) some of the research in this area would centre on bad
behaviours that degrade a team’s performance
B) it is only after a great tragedy or triumph that the
importance of teamwork is drawn into the spotlight
C) there would be enormous benefits to students and society
alike
D) a crucial question that should be asked before putting a team
together is whether you need one at all
E) a successful team would deal with its members who do not
contribute anything to the group
29. As most
businesses in Southeast Asia have remained as family enterprises and not
attained a global dimension, ----.
A) in the wake of the 1997 financial crisis, Southeast Asia
had been overtaken by China and India
B) some are being left behind by foreign businesses
C) across Southeast Asia, the impact of the 1997 crisis was
closely related with the degree of corruption in the banking system
D) today, South Korea and Taiwan are four times richer than
Malaysia and ten times richer than Indonesia
E) compared with other regions of the world, Asia’s income
gap is slowly decreasing
30. In a recently
published paper, it is pointed out that China has produced much of the world’s
rice for many decades, ----.
A) but in these rice paddies, nitrogen-based fertilizer has,
to a large extent, replaced animal manure
B) so it is another change in agricultural practice that has
the unintended side benefit of reducing methane emissions
C) what is more, these rice farmers are using less water
than they did before
D) yet for the past 30 years, the area devoted to rice
agriculture there has fallen from about 37 million hectares to about 27 million
E) and this change in how rice is grown in China reduces the
amount of methane given off
31. One of the first
questions the archaeologist must face ---- is to decide the cause of death.
A) since the area has been explored for remains
B) whatever happens to bones between the time they are
deposited and dug up
C) on which a great deal of work is currently focussed
D) even though few scholars went further than labelling
animals as either wild or domestic
E) when he or she is interpreting animal remains
32. In 1993, the
philanthropist Henry Buhl bought a rare gelatin-silver print of a Stieglitz
photograph of Georgia O’Keeffe’s hands, ----.
A) which was the beginning of a collection he continued to
amass over the years
B) if he would have had over a thousand images of hands
C) so the Guggenheim is exhibiting more than a hundred and
seventy of them
D) when it is an interesting way to contemplate the history
of photography, among other things
E) and they include a shot by Robert Capa and a portrait of
Nusch Eluard by Dora Maar
33. Muğla has always
preserved its traditional cultural fabric, ----.
A) if you’d like to take a journey through its history
B) yet it constitutes a unique model for Turkish traditional
architecture
C) although the luxury tourist centres that surround it have
not
D) so it has links to resort towns such as Bodrum, Köyceğiz,
and Marmaris
E) because it started to urbanize rapidly with the founding
of Muğla University
34. Hierapolis was a
famous spa in Roman times ----.
A) since the founder of the city was the emperor Antiochus
ll of the Seleucid dynasty
B) when it was founded in the second quarter of the 3rd
century B.C.
C) because the only shrines that remain today are a temple
of Apollo and the cave-sanctuary of Pluto D) just as Pamukkale is today
E) even if these date from the Hellenistic period
35. In the 1950s,
particularly in the Unites States, logistics as a business concept began to
gain ground ----.
A) whereas the need for expert logisticians became
imperative
B) that it was a branch of military science
C) because businesses expanded and reached out both to
far-flung markets and sources of materials, creating complex supply chains
D) when the world of commerce as we know it today would have
been impossible without the logistics industry
E) in that logistics companies have become more
sophisticated with today’s increasing globalisation
1.A 2.C 3.C
4.E 5.D 6.A
7.D 8.B 9.A
10.E 11.C 12.D
2009-ÜDS Sonbahar
24. As families
become more fragmented and dispersed, ----.
A) children tend to turn more to other people for affection
B) ties between mother and father get stronger
C) traditionally, singleness is seen as a mark of immaturity
D) working conditions for young people have improved a great
deal
E) the increasing rate of crime in big cities has always
been a serious concern
25. Because its
habitat is threatened by climate change, ----.
A) the elephants in Africa have dwindled considerably
B) the survival chances of many species in the Amazon area
are getting worse
C) the polar bear has been the first to be granted
protection under the Endangered Species Act
D) the Asian tiger’s black-striped yellow fur is very
attractive
E) there is a very profitable market for elephant tusks
26. While children in
their early years are learning about the world around them, ----.
A) they have always been warned by their parents
B) he makes use of his previous experiences
C) it is obvious that child care ought to be a priority
D) there are some diseases that have no effective treatment
E) they often confuse the real with the imaginary
27. After Dali was
expelled from art school in Madrid in 1926, ----.
A) he had been much influenced by the earlier Spanish
painters
B) a number of paintings depict unusual landscapes
C) especially mentally disturbed people had interested him
enormously
D) he joined a group of painters who called themselves
“surrealists”
E) today his paintings still amaze but also entertain many
people
28. ----, although
most French people believe that this tradition has a much more recent history.
A) Even France’s everyday wines are widely appreciated
worldwide
B) Most of the great wines of France have long been produced
in its southern regions
C) The range, quality, and reputation of the fine wines of
Bordeaux have made them world- famous
D) Each of the wine-producing regions in France has its own
traditional identity
E) Winemaking in France dates back to pre-Roman times
29. ----, until the
Europeans began to settle there in the 18th century.
A) Anthropologists believe that aboriginal people in
Australia initially arrived from Asia
B) In Australia, various aboriginal tribes had inhabited the
region now known as South Wales
C) Australia’s leading city, Sydney, has experienced
alternating periods of growth and decline
D) Australia has always been inhabited by the aboriginal
people
E) Sydney is a modern cosmopolitan city that has a
distinctive cultural identity
30. Sceptics often
claim that reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) are examples of shared
delusions, ----.
A) since many people have seen them in recent years
B) despite the fact that we never believed it
C) though that doesn’t discourage those who insist on having
seen them
D) now that what UFO enthusiasts say they have seen is taken
seriously
E) until a team of scientists examined some wreckage found
in 1947
31. The traditional
Middle Eastern diet, which relies heavily on lean meat, salads, vegetables, and
fruit, is a healthy one, ----.
A) even though it is often served in expensive restaurants
B) just as one must pay close attention to one’s own health
C) as long as you intend to share it with other people
D) if one is careful enough to follow it in moderation and
not to excess
E) when more and more Europeans have travelled to the Gulf
Area
32. ----, others are more resistant to change and become
dysfunctional and fail.
A) While most companies quickly adopt new information
technologies and thus survive
B) Because companies differ in their goals and the
strategies designed to reach them
C) That most senior managers do not realize how fragile the
ongoing viability of a company can be
D) Provided that the most flexible companies rapidly acquire
new knowledge and apply it quickly
E) Unless the best companies meet the challenges that
typically arise in the business environment
33. Taiwan’s pink
dolphins have been listed as “critically endangered”, ----.
A) as soon as the extensive fieldwork on these creatures is
started
B) as if the work of scientists and conservationists marked
a victory for them
C) if their losses could be halted and reversed
D) when the effort to identify them along the western coast
started in 2004
E) since they face the threat of extinction
34. ----, all mammals
are known today to have some form of emotion.
A) Despite the fact that there are striking similarities
between human beings and animals
B) Although some scientists long maintained otherwise
C) Because even birds delight us with their singing
D) Even if studies suggest that animal behaviour is
instinctive
E) If they know how different species communicate
35. Lethal injection
replaced execution by hanging, the gas chamber, and the electric chair, ----.
A) so some researchers have challenged the efficacy of the
drug protocols underlying the practice
B) in which three poisonous chemicals are administered to
the condemned
C) thus making this method far from foolproof
D) each of which had at some point been judged to be
inhumane and excessively violent
E) but many US states soon adopted it as their only form of
capital punishment
1.A 2.B 3.E
4.D 5.A 6.B
7.C 8.B 9.E
10.A 11.D 12.B
2010-ÜDS Sonbahar
24. Even though there
was economic dislocation as well as demographic collapse, ----.
A) it may sound as if the situation was improving in
developing countries
B) many international companies have adopted austere
policies
C) the later Middle Ages was one of the most creative and
inventive periods in the history of western Europe
D) the growth of the global economy had made millions of
workers redundant
E) some economists assert that technology must be
responsible for this problem
25. As soon as books
became available and literacy increased in the 15th century, ----.
A) the economic situation continued to deteriorate at an
alarming rate
B) markets for overseas trade would collapse
C) the invention of the printing press had already become
useless
D) regional dialects were often diverse and unintelligible
E) people came to see the world as operating according to
its own laws
26. Despite the
advent of the labour-saving agricultural devices in the Middle Ages, ----.
A) the obligations of the land workers to their lords were
fixed by custom
B) it was the lords who took the greatest benefits from it
C) the western European economy rested on agriculture
D) the landlords took all the produce for their own use
E) most of the work of raising crops continued to be done
using hand tools
27. Though all
observed differences in the behaviour of men and women were long assumed to be
due to biological factors, ----.
A) such effects are small and often different for male and
female individuals B) it seems increasingly likely that many typical masculine
and feminine characteristics are in fact acquired
C) social psychologists were not totally sure of how self-confidence
could be developed
D) children are rewarded for engaging in gender- appropriate
behaviour
E) recent studies provide much evidence concerning
widely-held stereotypes
28. Whereas many
nations take pains to exclude foreign words from their lexicons, ----.
A) the French have always been keen on keeping their
language pure
B) not all the new items will be widely intelligible C
) in most languages, new words are made out of old ones
D) the cosmopolitan nature of American life had its effects
on local dialects
E) the English seem to have welcomed them
29. Unless the name
of a new product is constantly repeated in advertisements, ----.
A) people could hardly appreciate the value of nutritious
elements
B) advertising employs a vast range of devices to get its
messages across
C) there will be opportunities to use highly figurative
expressions
D) there is a risk that customers will fail to recall it in
the marketplace
E) consumers have become acutely aware of the rise in
prices
30. Illegal aliens in
America have been a problem ----.
A) when the early regulations encouraged immigration
B) ever since the first immigration restriction was imposed
C) if necessary precautions are not taken
D) because it was virtually impossible to maintain control
over them all
E) although the use of false IDs increases at an alarming
rate
31. Most people
assume that beauty can be defined universally, -----.
A) when they remained objective and neutral
B) no matter how much people care for the views of others
C) but in fact it is purely subjective D) since
relationships largely depend on intimacy
E) so that various women writers may have written about
it
32. Jet-lag, which
appears as an adaptation problem of the human body in long-distance flights, is
seen less in children than in adults ----.
A) even though the problem is more apparent when the flight
is from West to East
B) because of the fact that their body is more prone to
change
C) so that children’s perception of time and space can alter
D) when the conditions are suitable enough for them to
travel by air
E) once they have grown accustomed to flying by day
33. In the second
millennium B.C., the ancient Near East was transformed by the arrival of new
population groups ----.
A) who built up land-based empires through systematic
military conquest
B) which had been wiped out by the invasions of the savage
tribes
C) because the ages that followed intensified diplomacy and
trade
D) as urban civilization took shape first in southern and
central Mesopotamia
E) unless they could impose themselves and their language on
the other people
34. More than half of
the world’s coffee is grown on small family farms in developing countries ----.
A) that large areas of forest have been cut down to make
this possible
B) where coffee exports make up a significant portion of the
local economy
C) since it is the middlemen who get a large percent of the
profits
D) while for most people the quality of coffee is important
E) as long as weather conditions can be predicted
35. Movements of the
hands and head are often used in order to emphasize certain points that are
being made, ----.
A) because they have a tremendous impact on the way we live
now
) although people use their body effectively and efficiently
C) since the speaker wants to convey particular nuances of
meaning
D) as the best method of communication is obviously the
written work
E) just as social relationships take a long time to develop
1.C 2.E 3.E 4.B
5.E 6.D 7.B
8.C 9.B 10.A
11.B 12.C
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